TypeScript and React: Render props and child render props

Render props is, according to the offical docs, a technique for sharing code between React components using a prop whose value is a function. The idea is to make components composable but being flexible in what to share.

In this section:

• Render props
• Children render props
• Context
• Bottom line

Render props #

Let’s look at the example from the official docs and make it type-safe. Turns out, this is quite easy.

We want to have a Cat that chases a Mouse. It chases our computer’s mouse, in that case.

The Cat renders an image of cat that is positioned based on mouse coordinates. For this we need the Cats props, which points to a MouseState. MouseState holds x and y coordinates for us.s

import React, { FC, Component, MouseEvent } from 'react';

type CatProps = {
  mouse: MouseState
}

type MouseState = {
  x: number,
  y: number
}


export class Cat extends Component<CatProps> {
  render() {
    const { mouse } = this.props;
    return (
      <img src="cat.gif" style={ { position: 'absolute', left: mouse.x, top: mouse.y } } />
    );
  }
}

That’s the Cat, let’s look at the Mouse.

The props from Mouse are pretty straight forward. We have one property – render (hence the name) – which accepts a MouseState. MouseState becomes the glue between Cat and Mouse

type MouseProps = {
  render(state: MouseState): void
}

The Mouse component itself builds on MouseProps and MouseState. Note that we call the render function instead of merely adding children.

export class Mouse extends Component<MouseProps, MouseState> {
  constructor(props: MouseProps) {
    super(props);
    this.handleMouseMove = this.handleMouseMove.bind(this);
    this.state = { x: 0, y: 0 };
  }

  handleMouseMove(event: MouseEvent) {
    this.setState({
      x: event.clientX,
      y: event.clientY
    });
  }

  render() {
    return (
      <div 
        style={ { height: '100vh', width: '100vw' } }
        onMouseMove={this.handleMouseMove}>
        {/*
          Instead of providing a static representation of what <Mouse> renders,
          use the `render` prop to dynamically determine what to render.
        */}
        {this.props.render(this.state)}
      </div>
    );
  }
}

Now let’s combine everything. The Mouse component has one prop, render, and the function returns the hunting Cat. Here we don’t have any extra TypeScript annotations. But TypeScript warns us if the function properties from mouse are incompatible with the mouse prop from Cat:

export const MouseTracker = () => <div>
  <h1>Move the mouse around!</h1>
  <Mouse render={mouse => (
    <Cat mouse={mouse} />
  )}/>
</div>;

Children render props #

Turns out that children can be a function as well. As for typings, the same typings apply. We only have to change a little bit of code.

export class Mouse extends Component<MouseProps, MouseState> {
  render() {
    return (
      <div 
        style={ { height: '100vh', width: '100vw' } }
        onMouseMove={this.handleMouseMove}>
        {/*
          Instead of providing a static representation of what <Mouse> renders,
          use the `render` prop to dynamically determine what to render.
        */}
-       {this.props.render(this.state)}
+       {this.props.children(this.state)}
      </div>
    );
  }
}

export const MouseTracker = () => <div>
  <h1>Move the mouse around!</h1>
- <Mouse render={mouse => (
-   <Cat mouse={mouse} />
- )}/>
+ <Mouse>
+   {mouse => (
+     <Cat mouse={mouse} />
+   )}
+ </Mouse>
</div>;

Typings stay the same.

Context #

One concept that relies heavily on render props is Context. I explain context in its own chapter.

Bottom line #

With typings you can easily see that state is the key for render props. We pass state from one component to the other through a function. This also means that state is the one type that gets shared between components. Again, there’s some excellent reading by Ali Sharif

TypeScript and React: Table of contents

1. Getting Started
2. Components
3. Children
4. Events
5. Prop Types
6. Hooks
7. Render props and child render props
8. Context
9. Styles and CSS
10. Further reading

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